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window period
In medicine, the window period for a test designed to detect a specific disease (particularly infectious disease) is the time between first infection and when the test can reliably detect that infection. In antibody-based testing, the window period is dependent on the time taken for seroconversion.
The window period is important to epidemiology and safe sex strategies, and in blood and organ donation, because during this time, an infected person or animal cannot be detected as infected but may still be able to infect others. For this reason, the most effective disease-prevention strategies combine testing with a waiting period longer than the test's window period.
== Examples ==
* HIV: The window period for HIV may be up to three months, depending on the test method and other factors. Modern and accurate testing abilities can cut this period to 25 days, 16 days, or even as low as 12 days, again, depending on the type of test and the quality of its administration and interpretation (see the Wikipedia article on its window period for further information).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=HIV/AIDS Facts )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=HIV Test Window Periods )〕
* Hepatitis B: During the window period (or equivalence zone) of hepatitis B, both serological markers HBsAg (Hepatitis B surface antigen) and Anti-HBs (antibody against HBsAg) are negative (which is because, although Anti-HBs are present, they are actively bound to the HBsAg). Other serological markers, IgM (antibody) against HBc can be positive at this point.〔p. 168, "Hepatitis serologic markers", ; p. 1943, ''Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine'', 17th ed.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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